Rudolph H. Kampmeier (1898-1990) was a Vanderbilt professor, physician, author, and editor. Dr. Kampmeier served as President of the American College of Physicians and in his retirement published books on the history of Vanderbilt Medical School and the Tennessee Medical Association.

Dr. Kampmeier received his medical training at the State University of Iowa and joined the Vanderbilt faculty in 1936. Dr. Kampmeier came to Vanderbilt in 1938 as Associate Professor of Medicine, was elevated to Professor in 1953, and achieved emeritus status in 1963. With the departure of several faculty during World War II, Dr. Kampmeier played a key role in the operation of both the department and hospital. He served as president of many professional organizations, most notably the Southern Medical Association (1964-65) and the American College of Physicians (1967-68). Dr. Kampmeier wrote six books and one hundred and forty papers. He also served as editor of five medical journals.

Dr. Kampmeier specialized in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, especially syphilis. In response to revelations about the Tuskegee syphilis study in 1972, Dr. Kampmeier editor-in-chief of the Southern Medical Journal, defended the study in the pages of that journal.